segunda-feira, 19 de novembro de 2007

Fome no mundo: um problema sem solução


Em 1974, durante a Conferência Mundial sobre Alimentação, as Nações Unidas estabeleceram que “todo homem, mulher, criança, tem o direito inalienável de ser livre da fome e da desnutrição...”. Portanto, a comunidade internacional deveria ter como maior objetivo a segurança alimentar, isto é, “o acesso, sempre, por parte de todos, a alimento suficiente para uma vida sadia e ativa”.
E isso quer dizer:
* acesso ao alimento: é condição necessária, mas ainda não suficiente;
* sempre: e não só em certos momentos;
* por parte de todos: não bastam que os dados estatísticos sejam satisfatórios. É necessário que todos possam ter essa segurança de acesso aos alimentos;
* alimento para uma vida sadia e ativa: é importante que o alimento seja suficiente tanto do ponto de vista qualitativo como quantitativo.
Os dados que possuímos dizem que estamos ainda muito longe dessa situação de segurança alimentar para todos os habitantes do planeta.


Quais são as causas?
A situação precisa ser enfrentada, pois uma pessoa faminta não é uma pessoa livre. Mas é preciso, em primeiro lugar, conhecer as causas que levam à fome. Muitos acham que as conhecem, mas não percebem que, quando falam delas, se limitam, muitas vezes, a repetir o que tantos já disseram e a apontar causas que não têm nada a ver com o verdadeiro problema. Por exemplo:
A fome é causada porque o mundo não pode produzir alimentos suficientes. Não é verdade! A terra tem recursos suficientes para alimentar a humanidade inteira.
A fome é devida ao fato de que somos “demais”. Também não é verdade! Há países muito populosos, como a China, onde todos os habitantes têm, todo dia, pelo menos uma quantidade mínima de alimentos e países muito pouco habitados, como a Bolívia, onde os pobres de verdade padecem fome!
No mundo há poucas terras cultiváveis! Também não é verdade. Por enquanto, há terras suficientes que, infelizmente, são cultivadas, muitas vezes, para fornecer alimentos aos países ricos!


Postado por: João Victor

Texto escrito por: Alberto Garuti

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